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''Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644–1912)'' (''ECCP'') is a biographical dictionary published in 1943 by the United States Government Printing Office, edited by Arthur W. Hummel, Sr., then head of the Orientalia Division of the Library of Congress.〔''Orientalia Division Library of Congress and Arthur W. Hummel. ''Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644–1912).'' (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2 volumes, 1943; various reprints).''〕 Hummel's chief collaborators were Dr. Tu Lien-che (杜聯喆) and Dr. Fang Chao-ying (房兆楹), Chinese scholars of Manchu descent who were married to each other. 〔(Qing Research Portal )〕 The two volumes in 1103 pages comprise some 800 biographical sketches on leading figures of the Qing dynasty (Ch'ing) (1636–1912) in China. The articles cover Han Chinese, Manchu, Mongol, and other Inner Asian figures, as well as some Europeans. Each article includes a short list of sources and secondary scholarship. There are three indices—personal name, book names, and subjects.〔Arthur Hummel, "Editor's Note," ''ECCP'' p. vii〕 Pamela Kyle Crossley, professor of Chinese history at Dartmouth College, developed (free software ) to either search and read the articles online or to download the text for offline use. Since the work uses the Wade-Giles system, which is now unfamiliar to many readers, the software also supplies pinyin romanization.〔(Qing Research Portal )〕 ==History of the project== Hummel, who had developed his Chinese language skills while a missionary in China, was Chairman of the Committee for the Promotion of Chinese Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies from 1930 to 1934. He worked with Mortimer Graves, Executive Director of the Council, to plan a biographical dictionary of the Qing, and gained financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation. Plans were put into action when Hummel joined the Library of Congress in 1934. A younger colleague recalled that Hummel's concern with clarity and precision led him to read the entire text of ''ECCP'' aloud to search for better language.〔Edwin G. Beal and Janet F. Beal, "Obituary: Arthur W. Hummel (1884-1975)," ''The Journal of Asian Studies ''35.2 (1976): 270.〕 The printer for the volume did not know Chinese. Dr. Tu compiled a master file of every Chinese character in the text. These characters were then cast in Hong Kong, one for each time a character appeared. The characters were then placed in individual wooden frames and numbered by Dr. Tu. The printer put them one by one into the typesetter by hand. The ''ECCP'' is nonetheless nearly free of errors.〔(Qing Research Portal )〕 The preface by Hu Shih, a leading scholar who had been China's Ambassador to the United States, praised Hummel and the more than fifty scholars who worked for nine years on the project 〔"Preface", ''ECCP'' p. vii〕 These scholars came from the United States, Europe and Taiwan. Among them were Knight Biggerstaff; Maribeth Cameron; Ch'i Ssu-ho; John K. Fairbank; L. Carrington Goodrich; Hu Shih; George Kennedy; Li Man-kuei; Hiromu Momose; Nancy Lee Swann; Teng Ssu-yu, who prepared many of the articles on the Taiping Rebellion; Earl Swisher; C. Martin Wilbur; Hellmut Wilhelm; J.C. Yang.〔''ECCP'' p. 999.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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